Conditional ~ba ば form
This form makes the conditional clause meaning "If", "when" or "in case", and this conditional pattern is called the ~ba-conditional because the conditional form ends with ba.
The ~ba/~eba conditional form is characterized by the final ~u becoming ~eba for godan stem verbs, and ~ru becoming ~reba for yodan stem verbs.
I'm not sure that conditional polite form is well conjugated and if, it's in use at all. When trying to google it, not much pops up. You may need to disregard the polite form below.
Group 1: ~ U ending verbs (godan)
to speak(話す) hanaseba はなせば hanasimaseba はなしませば
to write(書く) kakeba かけば kakimaseba かきませば
to listen (聞く) kikeba きけば kikimaseba ききませば
to wait(待つ) mateba まてば matimaseba まちませば
to drink(飲む)nomimaseba のめませば nomimasimaseba のみましませば
Group 2: ~ Iru and ~ Eru ending verbs (yodan)
to wear (着る) kireba きれば kimasureba きますれば
to see (見る) mireba みれば mimasureba みますれば
to get up (起きる) okireba おきれば okimasureba おきますれば
to get off (降りる) orireba おりれば orimasureba おりますれば
to believe(信じる) shinjireba しんじれば shinjimasureba しんじますれば
Group 3: Irregular Verbs くる (kuru) and ~する (~suru)
to come (来る) kureba これば
to do (する) sureba すれば
to study(勉強する)benkyou-suureba べんきょうすれば
Here are few examples:
- 何すればいいか nani sureba ii ka: "What should I do?" (lit. "It would be good if I did what?")
- 分かればいい wakareba ii: "As long as you understand" (lit. "If you understand, it is good.")
- 時間があれば買い物をしよう jikan ga areba, kaimono wo shiyou: "If there's time, let's go shopping."
Conditional ~tara たら form
Conditional clauses are also made by the past tense ~ta form with ~ra added: ~tara.
Group 1: ~ U ending verbs (godan)
to speak(話す) hanashitara はなしたら hanashimashitara はなしましたら
to write(書く) kaitara かいたら kakimashitara かきましたら
to listen (聞く) kiitara きいたら kikimashitara ききましたら
to wait(待つ) mattara まったら machimashitara まちましたら
to drink(飲む)nondara のめまししたら nomimashitara のめまししたら
Group 2: ~ Iru and ~ Eru ending verbs (yodan)
to wear (着る) kitara きたら kimashitara きましたら
to see (見る) mitara みたら mimashitara みましたら
to get up (起きる) okitara おきたら okimashitara おきましたら
to get off (降りる) oritara おりたら orimashitara おりましたら
to believe(信じる) shinjitara しんじたら shinjimashitara しんじましたら
Group 3: Irregular Verbs くる (kuru) and ~する (~suru)
to come (来る) kitara こたら kimashitara きましたら
to do (する) shitara したら shimashitara しましたら
to study(勉強する)benkyou-shitara べんきょうしたら benkyou-shimashitara べんきょうしましたら
The conditional ~ra form can be used in the same way as the conditional ~eba form. However, it can also be used to mean more like "if and when", and it is typically preferred over the eba form when this meaning is more accurate. For example:
- 日本に行ったら、カメラを買いたい。nihon ni ittara, kamera wo kaitai: "If I go to Japan, then (when that has happened) I want to buy a camera."
The conditional ra form can also be used when the main clause is in the past tense. In such situations, it means "when", and carries the additional implication that the result was unexpected. For example:
- 喫茶店に行ったら、鈴木さんに出会った。kissaten ni ittara, Suzuki-san ni deatta: "When I went to the cafe, I came across(deatta) Suzuki."
No comments? Thanks for this wonderful lesson, it's easy to understand!
ReplyDeleteThis Is Helpful !!
ReplyDeleteThanks for the lesson. I came across the BA-form in a song's lyrics.
ReplyDeleteWondering if this sentence is a mistake.
ReplyDelete'to drink(飲む)nomimaseba のめませば nomimasimaseba のみましませば'
Shouldn't it be 'nomeseba' rather than 'nomimaseba'?
If I understood correctly it should be
ReplyDeletecasual form: nomeba / polite form: nomimaseba
Someone correct me if I am wrong.